Изучите следующую ситуацию:

Is it raining? Идет дождь?
No, but the ground is wet. Нет, но земля влажная.

It has been raining. Шел дождь.

Have/has been -ing это the present perfect continuous:

Мы используем present perfect continuous для действий, которые недавно закончились, или просто закончились. Должна быть связь с настоящим временем:

• You’re out of breath. Have you been running?
  Ты запыхался. Бегал? (= ты тяжело дышишь сейчас)
• Paul is very tired. He’s been working very hard.
  Пол очень устал. Он заработался. (= он устал сейчас)
• Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
  Почему у тебя такие грязные вещи? Что ты делал?
• I’ve been talking to Amanda about the problem and she agrees with me.
  Я поговорил с Амандой о проблеме, и она со мной согласна.
• Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you everywhere.
  Где ты был? Я тебя везде искал.

Изучите следующую ситуацию:

It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.
Дождь начался два часа назад и всё еще идет.

How long has it been raining?
It has been raining for two hours.

Как долго он идет?
Он идет уже 2 часа.

В таком случае, мы используем present perfect continuous со словами how long, for ... и since ... . Действие всё еще происходит (как в примере) или только что закончилось.

• How long have you been learning English?
  Как давно ты учишь английский? (= вы всё еще учите английский)
• Tim is still watching television. He’s been watching television all day.
  Тим все еще смотрит телевизор. Он смотрит его весь день.
• Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you for the last half hour.
  Где ты был? Я искала тебя последние полчаса.
• Chris hasn’t been feeling well recently.
  Крис не очень хорошо себя чувствует в последнее время.

Вы можете использовать present prefect continuous для действий, которые повторялись в течение промежутка времени:

• Debbie is a very good tennis player. She’s been playing since she was eight.
  Дебби очень хорошая теннисистка. Она играет в теннис с 8-ми лет.
• Every morning they meet in the same café. They’ve been going there for years.
  Каждое утро они встречаются в одном и том же кафе. Они ходят туда уже много лет.

Сравните I am doing (см. урок 1) и I have been doing:

Упражнения

1. Напишите что происходит на картинках: What have these people been doing or what has been happening?

2. Напишите вопрос для каждой ситуации.

1. You meet Paul as he is leaving the swimming pool.
   You ask: (you / swim?)
   
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend who is waiting for you.
   You ask: (you / wait / long?)
   
3. You meet a friend in the street. His face and hands are very dirty.
   You ask: (what / you / do?)
   
4. A friend of yours is now working in a shop. You want to know how long.
   You ask: (how long / you / work / there?)
   
5. A friend tells you about his job - he sells computers. You want to know how long.
   You ask: (how long / you / sell / computers?)
   

3. Прочитайте ситуации и закончите предложения.

1. It’s raining. The rain started two hours ago.
   It for two hours.
2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting 20 minutes ago.
   We for 20 minutes.
3. I’m learning Spanish. I started classes in December.
   I since December
4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January.
   since 18 January.
5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago.
   for years.

4. Поставьте глагол в present continuous (I am -ing) или present perfect continuous (I have been -ing).

1. (Maria / learn) English for two years.
2. Hello, Tom. (I / look) for you. Where have you been?
3. Why (you / look) at me like that? Stop it!
4. Linda is a teacher. (she / teach) for ten years.
5. (I / think) about what you said and I’ve decided to take your advice.
6. ‘Is Paul on holiday this week?’ ‘No, (he / work).’
7. Sarah is very tired. (she / work) very hard recently.