Предлоги времени: at / on / in

Урок 121
A

Сравните at, on и in:

  • They arrived at 5 o’clock. (в 5 часов)
  • They arrived on Friday. (в пятницу)
  • They arrived in October. (в октябре) / They arrived in 1968. (в 1968)

Мы используем:

at – для времени дня

at five o’clock
в пять часов
at 11.45
в 11:45
at midnight
в полночь
at lunchtime
во время обеда
at sunset etc.
на закате

on – для дней и дат

on Friday / on Fridays
в пятницу / по пятницам

on 16 May 1999
16 Мая 1999

on Christmas Day
в день Рождества

on my birthday
на мой день рожденья

in – для более долгих периодов времени (например, месяца/года/сезоны)

in October
in (the) winter

in 1988
in the 1990s

in the 18th century
in the Middle Ages

in the past
in (the) future

Во всех этих примерах in переводится как ‘в’, кроме in (the) winter – зимой.

B

Мы используем at в этих выражениях:

at night
  • I don’t like going out at night.
    Мне не нравится выходить ночью на улицу.
at the weekend / at weekends
  • Will you be here at the weekend?
    Вы будете здесь на выходных?
at Christmas
  • Do you give each other presents at Christmas?
    Вы дарите друг другу подарки на Рождество?
at the moment / at present
  • Mr Benn is busy at the moment / at present.
    Мистер Бенн в данный момент (в настоящее время) занят.
at the same time
  • Emily and I arrived at the same time.
    Эмили и я приехали в одно (и то же) время.
C

Мы говорим:

in the morning(s)
in the afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)

но

on Friday morning(s)
on Sunday afternoon!(s)
on Monday evening!(s) и др.

  • I’ll see you in the morning.
    Увидимся утром.
  • Do you work in the evenings?
    Ты работаешь по вечерам?
  • I’ll see you on Friday morning.
    Увидимся в пятницу утром.
  • Do you work on Saturday evenings?
    Ты работаешь в субботу по вечерам?
D

Перед last/next/this/every предлоги at/on/in не используются:

  • I’ll see you next Friday. (not on next Friday)
    Увидимся в следующую пятницу.
  • They got married last March.
    Они поженились прошлым мартом.

В разговорном английском мы часто опускаем on перед днями (Sunday/Monday и т.п.). Т.е. вы можете сказать:

  • I’ll see you on Friday. или I’ll see you Friday.
  • I don’t go out on Monday mornings. или I don’t go out Monday mornings.
E

In a few minutes / in six months и т.п.

  • The train will be leaving in a few minutes. (= a few minutes from now)
    Поезд отправится через несколько минут.
  • Andy has gone away. He’ll be back in a week. (= a week from now)
    Энди уехал. Он вернется через неделю.
  • She’ll be here in a moment. (= a moment from now)
    Она сейчас придет. (досл.: она будет здесь в один момент)

Вы также можете сказать ‘in six months’ time’, ‘in a week’s time’ и т.п. :

  • They’re getting married in six months’ time. или ... in six months.
    У них свадьба через полгода.

Мы также используем in ..., чтобы сказать как долго требуется что-либо сделать:

  • I learnt to drive in four weeks. (= it took me four weeks to learn)
    Я научился водить машину за четыре недели.

Упражнения

1. Закончите предложения. Используйте at, on или in + следующее:

the evening
the moment
Saturdays
about 20 minutes
21 July 1969
the Middle Ages
1492
the 1920s
11 seconds
the same time
night
  1. Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America .
  2. If the sky is clear, you can see the stars .
  3. After working hard during the day, I like to relax .
  4. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon .
  5. It’s difficult to listen if everyone is speaking .
  6. Jazz became popular in the United States .
    7. Key
  7. I’m just going out to the shop. I’ll be back .
  8. (on the phone) ‘Can I speak to Dan?’ ‘I’m afraid he’s not here .’
  9. Many of Europe’s great cathedrals were built .
  10. Ben is a very fast runner. He can run 100 metres .
  11. Liz works from Monday to Friday. Sometimes she also works .

Key

2. Выберите at, on или in.

  1. Mozart was born in Salzburg 1756.
  2. I haven’t seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her Tuesday.
  3. The price of electriciry is going up October.
  4. weekends, we often go for long walks in the country.
  5. I’ve been invited to a wedding 14 February.
  6. Jonathan is 63. He’ll be retiring from his job two years’ time.
  7. I’m busy just now, but I’ll be with you a moment.
  8. Jenny’s brother is an engineer, but he doesn’t have a job the moment.
  9. There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve.
    10. Key
  10. I don’t like driving night.
  11. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready two hours.
  12. The telephone and the doorbell rang the same time.
  13. Mary and David always go out for dinner their wedding anniversary.
  14. It was a short book and easy to read. I read it a day.
  15. Saturday night I went to bed midnight.
  16. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived 5 o’clock the morning.
  17. The course begins 7 January and ends sometime April.
  18. I might not be at home Tuesday morning, but I’ll be there the afternoon.

Key

3. Отметьте галочкой правильный ответ a, b или оба ответа? (п. 1 и 2 уже отмечены)

1.
a
I’ll see you on Friday.
b
I’ll see you Friday.
2.
a
I’ll see you on next Friday.
b
I’ll see you next Friday.
3.
a
Paul got married in April.
b
Paul got married April.
4.
a
They never go out on Sunday evenings.
b
They never go out Sunday evenings.
5.
a
We often have a short holiday on Christmas.
b
We often have a short holiday at Christmas.
6.
a
What are you doing the weekend?
b
What are you doing at the weekend?
7.
a
Will you be here on Tuesday?
b
Will you be here Tuesday?
8.
a
We were ill at the same time.
b
We were ill in the same time.
9.
a
Sue got married at 18 May 1996.
b
Sue got married on 18 May 1996.
10.
a
He left school last June.
b
He left school in last June.

Key