All и everybody/everyone

Мы обычно не используем all (все), пытаясь заменить everybody/everyone (все):

• Everybody enjoyed the party. (not All enjoyed)

Но мы говорим all of us/you/them (not everybody of...):

• All of us enjoyed the party. (not Everybody of us)

All и everything

Иногда вы можете использовать all (всё) или everything (всё):

• I’ll do all I can to help. или I’ll do everything I can to help.

Вы можете сказать ‘all I can’ / ‘all you need’ и др., но мы обычно не используем all в одиночку:

• He thinks he knows everything. (not he knows all)
• Our holiday was a disaster. Everything went wrong. (not All went wrong)

Но вы можете сказать all about (всё о):

• He knows all about computers.

Мы также используем all (не everything) в значении ‘the only thing(s)’:

• All I’ve eaten today is a sandwich. (= the only thing I’ve eaten today = единственное, что я сегодня ел)

Every / everybody / everyone / everything – слова в единственном числе, поэтому мы используем глагол в единственном числе:

• Every seat in the theatre was taken.
• Everybody has arrived. (not have arrived)

Но вы можете использовать they/them/their после everybody/everyone:

• Everybody said they enjoyed themselves. (= he or she enjoyed himself or herself)
  Все сказали, что хорошо провели время. (дословно не переводится)

Whole и all

Whole = complete, entire = весь. Чаще всего мы используем whole с существительными в единственном числе:

• Did you read the whole book? (= всю книгу, а не только какую-нибудь часть)
• Emily has lived her whole life in Scotland.
• I was so hungry, I ate a whole packet of biscuits. (= целую упаковку)

Мы используем the/my/her и др. перед whole. Сравните whole и all:

Мы обычно не используем whole с неисчисляемыми существительными. Мы говорим:

• I’ve spent all the money you gave me. (not the whole money)
  Я потратила все деньги, которые ты мне дал.

Every/all/whole словами-показателями времени

Мы используем every, когда говорим о том, как часто что-то происходит (every day / every Monday / every ten minutes / every three weeks и т.п.):

• When we were on holiday, we went to the beach every day. (not all days)
• The bus service is excellent. There’s a bus every ten minutes.
• We don’t see each other very often - about every six months.

All day / the whole day = весь день, от начала до конца:

• We spent all day / the whole day on the beach.
• Dan was very quiet. He didn’t say a word all evening / the whole evening.

Заметьте, что мы говорим all day (не all the day), all week (не all the week) и т.п.

Сравните all the time и every time:

• They never go out. They are at home all the time. (= always, continuously = постоянно)
• Every time I see you, you look different. (= each time, on every occasion = каждый раз)

Упражнения

1. Закончите эти предложения, выбрав all, everything или everybody/everyone.

1. It was a good party. enjoyed it.
2. I’ve eaten today is a sandwich.
3. All Everything Everybody Everyone has their faults. Nobody is perfect.
4. Nothing has changed. All Everything Everybody Everyone is the same as it was.
5. Kate told me all everything everybody everyone about her new job. It sounds quite interesting.
6. Can all everything everybody everyone write their names on a piece of paper, please?
7. Why are you always thinking about money? Money isn’t all everything everybody everyone .
8. I didn’t have much money with me. all everything everybody everyone I had was ten pounds.

9. When the fire alarm rang, all everything everybody everyone left the building immediately.
10. Sue didn’t say where she was going. All Everything Everybody Everyone she said was that she was going away.
11. We have completely different opinions. I disagree with all everything everybody everyone she says.
12. We all did well in the examination. All Everything Everybody Everyone in our class passed.
13. We all did well in the examination. All Everything Everybody Everyone of us passed.
14. Why are you so lazy? Why do you expect me to do all everything everybody everyone for you?

2. Напишите предложения с whole.

1. I read the book from beginning to end.
   
2. Everyone in the team played well.
   
3. Paul opened a box of chocolates. When he finished eating, there were no chocolates left in the box.
   
4. The police came to the house. They were looking for something. They searched everywhere, every room.
   
5. Everyone in Dave and Jane’s family plays tennis. Dave and Jane play, and so do all their children.
   
6. Ann worked from early in the morning until late in the evening.
   
7. Jack and Jill went on holiday to the seaside for a week. It rained from the beginning of the week to the end.
   

Теперь напишите предложения 6 7 снова, на этот раз используя all вместо whole.

3. Закончите предложения, используя every со следующими фразами:

five minutes ten minutes four hours six months four years

1. The bus service is very good. There’s a bus .
2. Tom is ill. He has some medicine. He has to take it .
3. The Olympic Games take place .
4. We live near a busy airport. A plane flies over our house .
5. Martin has a check-up with his dentist .

4. Отметьте галочкой правильный вариант.

1. I’ve spent the whole money / all the money you gave me. (all the money – правильный вариант)
2. Sue works every day / all days except Sunday.
3. I’m tired. I’ve been working hard all the day / all day.
4. It was a terrible fire. Whole building / The whole building was destroyed.
5. I’ve been trying to phone her, but every time / all the time I phone the line is busy.
6. I don’t like the weather here. It rains every time / all the time.
7. When I was on holiday, all my luggage / my whole luggage was stolen.