Предлог (in/for/about и др.) + -ing

Урок 60
A

Если после предлога (in/for/about и др.) следует глагол, глагол будет заканчиваться на -ing:

  предлог глагол (-ing)  
Are you interested in working for us?
I’m not very good at learning languages.
Sue must be fed up with studying.  
What are the advantages of having a car?
Thanks very much for inviting me to your party.
How about meeting for lunch tomorrow?
Why don’t you go out instead of sitting at home all the time?
Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.

Вы также можете сказать ‘instead of somebody doing something’, ‘fed up with people doing something’ и т.п. :

  • I’m fed up with people telling me what to do.
    Я сыт по горло людьми, которые говорят что мне делать.
B

Обратите внимание на использование следующих предлогов + -ing:

before -ing и after -ing:

  • Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (not Before to go out)
  • What did you do after leaving school?

Вы также можете сказать ‘Before I went out ...’ и ‘... after you left school’.

by -ing (чтобы сказать как что-нибудь происходит):

  • The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
    Грабители проникли в дом, разбив окно и взобравшись через него.
  • You can improve your English by reading more.
    Вы можете улучшить свой английский, читая больше.
  • She made herself ill by not eating properly.
    Она заболела от того, что питалась не правильно.
  • Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.
    Многие несчастные случаи происходят вследствие слишком быстрой езды.

without -ing:

  • We ran ten kilometres without stopping.
    Мы бежали десять километров без остановки.
  • It was a stupid thing to say. I said it without thinking.
    Было глупо это говорить, но я сказал без раздумья.
  • She needs to work without people disturbing her. (или ... without being disturbed.)
    Ей нужно работать так, чтобы ее не отвлекали.
  • I have enough problems of my own without having to worry about yours.
    У меня и без тебя проблем хватает (не дословно).
C

To -ing (look forward to doing something и пр.)

To часто является частью инфинитива (to do / to see и т.п.):

  • We decided to go out.
  • Would you like to meet for lunch tomorrow?

Но to также и предлог (как in/for/about/from и др.). Например:

  • We drove from London to Edinburgh.
    Мы ехали из Лондона в Эдинбург.
  • I prefer tea to coffee.
    Я предпочитаю чай, а не кофе.
  • Are you looking forward to the weekend?
    Вы ждете выходных? или Вы возлагаете большие надежды на эти выходные?

Если после предлога следует глагол, то глагол будет заканчиваться на -ing:

in doing

about meeting

without stopping (и т.д.)

Поэтому, когда to - предлог и после него следует глагол, вы должны сказать to -ing:

  • I prefer driving to travelling by train. (not to travel)
  • Are you looking forward to going on holiday? (not looking forward to go)

Упражнения

1. Закончите второе предложение так, чтобы оно означало то же самое, что и первое.

  1. Why is it useful to have a car?
  2. I don’t intend to apply for the job.
  3. Helen has a good memory for names.
  4. Mark won’t pass the exam. He has no chance.
  5. Did you get into trouble because you were late?
  6. We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.
  7. We got into the exhibition. We didn’t have to queue.
  8. Our team played well, but we lost the game.

Key

2. Закончите предложения, используя by -ing и следующие фразы (с глаголом в правильной форме):

borrow too much money
put some pictures on the walls
break a window
stand on a chair
drive too fast
turn a key
  1. The burglars got into the house ...
  2. I was able to reach the top shelf ...
  3. You start the engine of a car ...
  4. Kevin got himself into financial trouble ...
  5. You can put people’s lives in danger ...
  6. We made the room look nicer ...

Key

3. Закончите предложения подходящим словом. Каждый раз используйте только одно слово.

  1. We ran ten kilometres without .
  2. He left the hotel without his bill.
  3. It’s a nice morning. How about for a walk?
  4. We were able to translate the letter into English without a dictionary.
  5. Before to bed, I like to have a hot drink.
  6. It was a long journey. I was very tired after on a train for 36 hours.
  7. I was annoyed because the decision was made without anybody me.
  8. After the same job for ten years, I felt I needed a change.
  9. We lost our way because we went straight on instead of left.
  10. I like these photographs you took. You’re good at photographs.

Key

4. Для каждой ситуации напишите предложение с I’m (not) looking forward to.

  1. You are going on holiday next week. How do you feel?
  2. Diane is a good friend of yours and she is coming to visit you soon. So you will see her again soon. How do you feel?
  3. You are going to the dentist tomorrow. You don’t enjoy going to the dentist. How do you feel?
  4. Carol is a student at school. She hates it, but she is leaving school next summer. How does she feel?
  5. You’ve arranged to play tennis tomorrow. You like tennis a lot. How do you feel?

Key