Изучите следующие активные и пассивные формы:

Infinitive

• The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
  Ситуация серьезная. Необходимо что-то сделать, пока не поздно. (досл.: должно быть сделано)
• A mystery is something that can’t be explained.
  Тайна – это что, то что нельзя объяснить.
• The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
  Музыка была очень громкой и была слышна далеко отсюда.
• A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
  Новый супермаркет собираются построить в следующем году.
• Please go away. I want to be left alone.
  Пожалуйста, уходи. Я хочу, чтобы меня оставили в покое.

Perfect infinitive

• I haven’t received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
  Я еще не получил письма. Наверное, его отправили на неправильный адрес. (досл.: может было отправлено)
• If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
  Если бы ты не оставил машину незапертой, ее бы не угнали. (досл.: она бы не была украденной)
• There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.
  Сначала были некоторые проблемы, но их, кажется, уже решили.

Present perfect

• Have you heard? The concert has been cancelled.
  Ты слышал? Концерт отменили.
• Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
  Тебя когда-нибудь кусала собака? (досл: был укушенный)
• ‘Are you going to the party?’ ‘No, I haven’t been invited.’
  ‘Ты идешь на вечеринку?’ ‘Нет, я не был приглашен.’

Past perfect

• The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They had been cooked too long.
  Овощи были не очень вкусными. Их слишком долго готовили.
• The car was three years old but hadn’t been used very much.
  Машине было три года, но ею редко пользовались.

Present continuous

• There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed. (... за нами следят.)
• (in a shop) ‘Can I help you?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m being served.’ (... меня (уже) обслуживают)

Past continuous

• There was somebody walking behind us. We were being followed.

Упражнения

1. Что означают эти слова? Напишите по-английски, используя it can ... или it can’t ... и словарь, если необходимо.

If something is

2. Закончите предложения, используя следующие глаголы (в правильной форме):

arrest carry cause do make repair send spend wake up

Иногда вам будет нужен have (might have, should have и др.).

1. The situation is serious. Something must before it’s too late.
2. I haven’t received the letter. It might to the wrong address.
3. A decision will not until the next meeting.
4. Do you think that more money should on education?
5. This road is in very bad condition. It should a long time ago.
6. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to .
7. It’s not certain how the fire started, but it might by an electrical fault.
8. I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to at 6.30 the next morning.
9. If you hadn’t pushed the policeman, you wouldn’t .

3. Перепишите эти предложения. Вместо somebody или they и др., используйте пассивный залог.

1. Somebody has cleaned the room.
   
2. They have postponed the meeting.
   
3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
   
4. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
   
5. When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.
   
6. They are building a new ring road round the city.
   
7. They have built a new hospital near the airport.
   

4. Составьте предложения из слов в скобках. Иногда глагол в активной, а иногда в пассивной форме.

1. There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow)
   
2. This room looks different. (you / paint / the walls?)
   
3. My car has disappeared. (it / steal!)
   
4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take)
   
5. Sam gets a higher salary now. (he / promote)
   
6. Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it / redecorate)
   
7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it / work / again; it / repair)
   
   

8. When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (the furniture / move)
   
9. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (he / not / see / since then)
   
10. I wonder how Jane is these days. (I / not / see / for ages)
    
11. A friend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?)