Lesson 34 · Lección trigésima cuarta - Lección treinta y cuatro
The verbs soler and servir, the article with the preposition de and the words poco / solo in Spanish
Segunda carta de Miguel


Vocablos
| algo | a little, somewhat | |
| la | costumbre | custom |
| de costumbre | usually, normally | |
| parecerse | to resemble, to look like | |
| distinto, -a | different, distinct | |
| la | noticia | news |
| pues | well, then | |
| jugar | to play | |
| el | dominó | dominoes |
| el | naipe | (playing) card |
| el | dibujo | drawing, picture |
| popular | popular | |
| el | mus | “mus” (a card game) |
| el | tute | “tute” (a card game) |
| la | cervecería | bar, beer hall |
| el | aperitivo | aperitif, appetizer |
| servir | to serve; to be useful | |
| la | tapa | tapa (traditional Spanish snack) |
| la | aceituna | olive |
| el | calamar | squid |
| la | almendra | almond |
| la | anchoa | anchovy |
| generoso, -a | full-bodied (wine), generous | |
| tinto, -a | red (wine only) | |
| sabroso, -a | tasty, delicious | |
| bastante | enough, quite a lot | |
| caro, -a | expensive, dear | |
| a veces | sometimes | |
| la | madrugada | dawn, early morning |
| luego | later, then | |
| regresar | to return | |
| solo, -a | alone; black (coffee) | |
| responder | to answer, to reply | |
| soler | to tend to, to usually do | |
| el | familiar | relative, family member |
| acompañado, -a | accompanied |
Remember the expressions:
de costumbre
usually, normally
ante todo
first of all, above all
pasar el tiempo
to spend time
por lo regular
usually
café solo
black coffee
hasta la madrugada
until dawn
acompañado
accompanied
Explanations
The meaning of the words poco, solo
poco

trabaja poco
he works little

come poca carne
he eats little meat

al café van pocas mujeres
few women go to the café

tiene pocos amigos
he has few friends
The word poco (little, few), like the word mucho (much, a lot) (see lesson 12), is used both as an adjective and as an adverb. As an adverb, poco usually goes after a verb, adjective, or adverb and does not change its form. As an adjective, poco is used with a noun and agrees with it in gender and number.
The words demasiado (too, too much) and bastante (enough, quite a lot) serve the same functions in a sentence as the word poco, for example:
el vino ... de bastantes grados
the wine ... is quite strong
(lit.: with enough degrees)
solo
The word solo in Spanish can act as either an adjective (alone, single, lonely) or an adverb (only, just).
💡 Removal of the accent mark in the word solo
In older textbooks and books published before 2010, you might encounter the spelling sólo (with a graphic accent mark). Previously, the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) required placing the accent mark if the word acted as an adverb (“only”), to distinguish it from the adjective (“alone”).
However, in 2010, the RAE officially abolished this rule. Now the word solo is written without an accent mark in 100% of cases. The context always makes it easy to understand the meaning of the phrase, so it is no longer necessary to artificially separate these words with an accent.
Grammar
1. The combinations of the definite article with the preposition dе
los cafés se parecen a los de Francia
the cafés look like those in France
son distintos de los de la Unión Soviética
they are different from those in the Soviet Union
The definite article with the preposition de in the combinations above functions as a demonstrative pronoun that replaces a noun so as not to repeat it twice, for example:
La muchacha que ves es la del cine.
The girl that you see is the one from the cinema.
El muchacho que va con ella es el de nuestra casa.
The boy that goes with her is the one from our house.
2. The conjugation of the verb soler
The verb soler (to tend to, to usually do) is one of the so-called defective verbs, i.e., verbs that are not used in all persons or tenses.
The verb soler is always used in combination with the infinitive form of the conjugated verb, for example:
soler levantarse
to tend to get up
soler comer
to tend to eat
The verb soler is used in the present indicative tense and in the past imperfect tense. The missing forms of the verb soler are substituted by the verb acostumbrar (to be accustomed to, to be in the habit of).
Soler belongs to group II of stem-changing verbs (cf. lesson 23).
| Soler — to tend to, usually | ||||||
| Present tense | ||||||
| 1. | suelo | I tend | to | solemos | we tend | to |
| 2. | sueles | you tend | soléis | you tend | ||
| 3. | suele | he tends | suelen | they tend | ||
| Past Imperfect tense | ||||
| 1. | solía | used to | solíamos | used to |
| 2. | solías | solíais | ||
| 3. | solía | solían | ||
The combination of the verb soler with the infinitive form of the conjugated verb translates into English using:
- to tend to / to be in the habit of + the corresponding verb form,
- usually + the corresponding verb form, for example:
3. The conjugation of the verb servir
The verb servir to serve belongs to group I of stem-changing verbs.
| servir — to serve | ||||
| Present tense | ||||
| 1. | sirvo | I serve | servimos | we serve |
| 2. | sirves | you serve | servís | you serve |
| 3. | sirve | he serves | sirven | they serve |
| Past Simple tense | ||||
| 1. | serví | I served | servimos | we served |
| 2. | serviste | you served | servisteis | you served |
| 3. | sirvió | he served | sirvieron | they served |
Exercises
I. Depending on the context, fill in poco or un poco using them as an adverb or as an adjective:
Trabajo el domingo. El lunes hay gente en los parques. He visto veces una mujer tan hermosa. Tengo amigos, pero buenos. Hemos comido hoy. Solo hemos bebido de café solo. Me gusta dormir por la tarde, pero veces puedo hacerlo. Suelo comer por la mañana. Había mujeres en el café y hombres en la calle.

II. Replace the nouns given in brackets with the appropriate definite articles:
Este muchacho es (el muchacho) de la calle Blanca. Estos bolígrafos son (los bolígrafos) de la tienda grande. Estas mujeres son (las mujeres) de nuestra casa. Estos obreros son (los obreros) de la fábrica donde trabajamos. El estudiante de Londres es (el estudiante) de nuestro cuento. La casa del abuelo es (la casa) de las reuniones familiares. Mi mejor amigo es (el amigo) de la universidad. Las casas más altas son (las casas) de Nueva York.

III. Translate into English:
En los Estados Unidos se ve a mucha gente en los cafés todos los días y a todas horas. En España los bares también están llenos. Por lo regular se toma café solo o café con leche. En los cafés modernos no se juega a los naipes, por lo regular la gente habla o lee las noticias en su móvil.

IV. Translate into Spanish:
I drank a little black coffee. It was so tasty that later I drank two more cups. We go out little. On Sunday, when relatives come, we chat a little, drink red wine, and then listen to music and sing. Usually, the youngest daughter plays (an instrument) and everyone listens. When Jose’s friends from the university come over, they play cards until twelve o’clock at night.
