Lesson 28 · Lección vigésima octava - Lección veintiocho
Two Pronouns with a Verb and Diminutive Suffixes in Spanish
José y Carmencita
— Carmencita, dame este libro.
— No puedo dártelo.
— ¿Por qué?
— Porque lo leo.
— Tienes que dármelo, no es un libro para niños.
— Papá, José quiere este libro; yo no quiero dárselo.
— Dáselo, hija, él lo necesita, y yo te voy a contar un cuento.
— Bueno, entonces se lo doy. ¿Y cuándo me vas a contar ese cuento?
— Más tarde.
— Carmencita, ¿dónde están mis lápices?
— No los tengo. Los tiene Andresito.
— ¿Qué Andresito?
— El huérfano. Se los he dado hoy.
— ¡Madre mía, qué chiquilla! ¿Y qué voy a hacer ahora?
— Escribir con bolígrafo ...
— ¿Por qué te ríes, papá? Ella se lleva todas mis cosas y se las regala a los chicos en la calle. ¡Cuántas veces hay que repetirle que no debe coger mis cosas!
— Carmencita, ya no lo vas a hacer más, ¿verdad?
— Bueno, papá, no lo voy a hacer más.
Vocablos
| dártelo | to give it to you | ||
| dárselo | to give it to him | ||
| dáselo | give it to him | ||
| necesitar | to need | ||
| regalar | to give (as a gift), to present | ||
| el | huérfano | orphan | |
| la | chiquilla | girl, little girl | |
| repetir | to repeat | ||
| deber | must, should | ||
| coger | to take, to grab |
Explanations
Meaning of words and expressions
Y yo te voy a contar un cuento.
And I will tell you a story.
Here y is used in the function of a (cf. Lesson 6).
Remember the expressions:
más tarde
later
¡qué chiquilla!
what a girl!
hay que
one must, it is necessary to
él lo necesita
he needs it
Grammar
1. Two personal pronouns with a verb (se lo doy, dártelo)
dártelo
give it to you
dármelo
give it to me
se los he dado
I gave them to him
If there are two personal pronouns in a sentence (one functioning as a direct object, and the other as an indirect object), it is important to remember that the indirect object (the dative pronoun) precedes the direct object (the accusative pronoun).
For example:
Tе lo doy. I give it to you.
The same pattern is observed when two personal pronouns are used with a verb in the imperative mood and in the infinitive. However, in these cases, the indirect object is attached directly to the verb, and the direct object is appended to it, forming a single word, for example:
Puedo dártelo. I can give it to you.
If there are two 3rd-person personal pronouns in the sentence, specifically: the pronoun le (to him, to her, to you (formal)) or les (to them, to you (formal plural)) functioning as an indirect object, and the pronoun lo, la (him, her, it) or los, las (them) functioning as a direct object, then the pronoun le, les (i.e., the indirect object) is replaced by the pronoun form se.
Thus, instead of:
le lo doy I give it to you,
you must say:
se lo doy I give it to you.
Here it may also be necessary to clarify the person or object being referred to. In such cases, the stressed form of the personal pronoun is placed after the verb — for example:
Se lo doy a Vd. I give it to you.
Se lo doy a ella. I give it to her.
Pronouns functioning as a direct object (accusative case) that replace plural nouns are used in the plural form of the corresponding gender, for example:
Se los doy. I give them to him (e.g., pencils)
Se las doy. I give them to them (e.g., lamps)
The pronoun lo can also mean this/that, for example:
Tе lo digo. I am telling you this.
Memorize:
| te lo doy | I give it to you |
| puedo dártelo | I can give it to you |
| se lo doy | I give it to him/her/you |
| se lo doy a Vd. | I give it to you (formal) |
| se los (las) doy | I give them to him/her/them |
2. Diminutive suffixes -ito, -illo
Carmencita
Carmencita
Andresito
Andresito
chiquilla
little girl
A diminutive word in Spanish is a word with an added suffix that slightly changes the meaning of the word. Typically, diminutives refer to a smaller version of something or serve to add an emotional or endearing emphasis. Sometimes they can convey sarcasm or negativity. The closest English equivalent might be adding a “y” to the end of a word, like “doggy” instead of “dog”, or just adding “little” in front of a word.
The diminutive forms of nouns in Spanish are formed by adding the following suffixes:
For the masculine gender:
For the feminine gender: the same suffixes, but with -a instead of the final -o.
etc.
Exercises
I. Fill in the appropriate pronouns according to the example:
Example:
Yo tengo un libro.
Yo le doy el libro (a Vd.).
Yo se lo doy.
Vd. tiene un lápiz. Vd. me da el lápiz. Vd Juan tiene un perro. Juan lo regaló a Juana. Juan Nosotros compramos tazas. Nosotros les damos a ellos las tazas. Nosotros Carmen cogió los lápices. Carmen los regaló a los chicos. Carmen ¡José! ¿Compraste el libro? ¿Quieres darnos el libro? ¿Quieres ? ¿Habéis visto mi abrigo? ¿Queréis darme mi abrigo? ¿Queréis ?

II. Translate into English:
Encontré a María en la calle. En casa había una carta para ella. Se lo dije. Compré dos libros, uno para mí y el otro para José. Se lo voy a regalar por la tarde. No quise regalárselo ayer. Carmencita se llevó todo el pan de la casa y se lo dio a los chicos que jugaban en la calle. Cuando Juan con Juana van al cine o al teatro, nos lo dicen siempre. También nosotros se lo decimos a ellos, cuando vamos al teatro. A menudo ellos se lo dicen también a María, que va entonces con nosotros. Me gustan las fotografías de Juana. Ella no quería dármelas. ¡Dámelas, Juana! Te voy a dar otras. Estas no son buenas. ¿Puedes dármelas ahora? Si quieres, puedo dártelas ahora.

III. Translate into Spanish:
Juan has a pencil. Juan always gives it to me when I need it. Juan, do you want to give it to me? I’m already giving it to you. Give me the lamp too. I can’t give it to you. Maria bought a beautiful dress. Mum, buy me a dress too. Buy it for me today. Is José at home? — Juan asks. — I want to tell him something. I want to say it to him now. — I also want to tell you (formal) something — Carmencita says. I have a book of stories. Do you want to tell them to me? I can tell them to you. Did you tell them to the boys? Yes, I told them to them. These flowers are beautiful. Where did you (formal) buy them? Could you give them to me for Maria?
