Lesson 10 · Lección décima
Reflexive Pronouns and Conjugation of Reflexive Verbs in Spanish
Los señores de Ramírez
. El señor Ramírez llega al Ministerio a las ocho y trabaja hasta las cuatro. También la señora Ramírez trabaja. Ella trabaja en el Ministerio de Comercio Exterior
. Por la tarde los señores de Ramírez van al restaurante, donde se quedan (están) hasta las cinco o cinco y media. Después ellos pasean hasta las 7 y van al cine. Por la noche, a las nueve, regresan a casa. 
Vocablos
| lavar | to wash | ||
| la | cocina | [koˈθina] | kitchen |
| preparar | to prepare | ||
| levantarse | to get up, to stand up | ||
| lavarse | to wash (oneself) | ||
| peinarse | [pejˈnarse] | to comb one’s hair | |
| desayunar | to (have) breakfast | ||
| el | pan | bread | |
| la | mantequilla | butter | |
| el | queso | cheese | |
| el | café | coffee | |
| afeitarse | [afejˈtarse] | to shave (oneself) | |
| es tarde | it’s late | ||
| dice | says (3rd p. sing.) | ||
| ir (se) | to go; to leave | ||
| el | trabajo | work | |
| el | empleado | employee | |
| el | ministerio | ministry | |
| la | relación | relation | |
| exterior | exterior, outer; foreign | ||
| el | restaurante | restaurant | |
| quedar (se) | to stay | ||
| después | then; after | ||
| pasear | to go for a walk | ||
| el | cine | cinema, movies | |
| regresar | to return, to come back |
Learn the expressions:
por la tarde
in the afternoon
por la noche
at night, in the evening
Grammar points
1. Reflexive Pronouns
In English, we have words like myself, himself etc. They are called reflexive pronouns. In Spanish, reflexive pronouns are used slightly differently, particularly in the 3rd person. Here they are:
| singular | plural | |||||
| yo — me | myself | nosotros — nos | ourselves | |||
| tú — te | yourself | vosotros — os | yourselves | |||
| él | se | himself | ellos | se | themselves | |
| ella | herself | ellas | themselves | |||
| Vd. | yourself (polite) | Vds. | yourselves (polite) | |||
2. Conjugation of Reflexive Verbs
A reflexive verb is one where the subject and object are the same, and where the action ‘reflects back’ on the subject. It is used with a reflexive pronoun such as myself, yourself and herself in English, for example, I washed myself; He shaved himself.
| lavar | to wash | lavarse | to wash (oneself) | ||
| yo lavo | I wash | yo me lavo | I wash myself | ||
| tú lavas | you wash | tú te lavas | you wash yourself | ||
| él lava | he washes | él | se lava | he washes himself | |
| ella lava | she washes | ella | she washes herself | ||
| Vd. lava | you wash | Vd. | you wash yourself | ||
| nosotros lavamos | we wash | nosotros nos lavamos | we wash ourselves | ||
| vosotros laváis | you wash | vosotros os laváis | you wash yourselves | ||
| ellos | lavan | they wash (m.) | ellos se lavan | they wash themselves (m.) | |
| ellas | they wash (f.) | ellas se lavan | they wash themselves (f.) | ||
| Vds. | you wash | Vds. se lavan | you wash yourselves | ||
In Spanish, reflexive verbs are conjugated with two pronouns. In a sentence, one pronoun is the subject, and the other is the direct object.
In a literal translation into English, the mechanics of conjugating the verb lavarse — to wash oneself can be represented as follows:
singular
plural
In Spanish, reflexive verbs are much more common than in English. We may not use reflexive pronouns in an English sentence, like here in Don’t you shave? because we know who we are talking about here, but in Spanish it will be ¿No te afeitas? where the reflexive pronoun is conjugated with the reflexive verb.
In the infinitive form, reflexive pronouns are written as one word with the verbs, like this:
afeitarse, peinarse, levantarse
Exercises
I. Answer the following questions:
¿Cuándo se levanta el señor Ramírez? ¿Qué toma para el desayuno? ¿Dónde trabaja el señor Ramírez? ¿Dónde trabaja el señor López? ¿Dónde trabaja la señora de Ramírez? ¿Hasta qué hora trabaja el señor Ramírez? ¿A qué hora van los señores de Ramírez al cine? ¿Cuándo regresan a casa?

II. Translate into English:
Me levanto a las siete, me afeito, me lavo y voy al Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores donde trabajo. Por el camino compro siempre dos periódicos. Desayuno en el Ministerio, trabajo siete horas, termino a las cuatro y regreso a casa. Por la tarde voy al cine.

III. Translate exercise II into Spanish two times:
1. using the verbs in the 2nd person singular: tú te levantas etc.

2. using the verbs in the 1st person plural: nosotros nos levantamos etc.

IV. Translate into Spanish (using reflexive verbs):
