Тема / Топик по английскому языку:
The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometres.

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech «Great Britain» is used in the meaning of the «United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland». The capital of the UK is London.

The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called Highlands. The south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south-eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textile. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as Head of State.

Topical Vocabulary

- the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
to be situated on
быть расположенным на
to consist of smth.
состоять из чего-либо
total area
общая площадь
- population
население
urban
городской
- to be made up of smth.
состоять из чего-либо
to include smth.
включать что-либо
- to be separated from ... by
отделяться от (чего-либо чем-либо)
to be washed by
омываться (чем-либо)
- surface
поверхность
to vary
варьировать, меняться
mountainous
гористый
a valley
долина
a plain
равнина
to influence smth.
оказывать влияние на что-либо
mild
умеренный
- a highly developed industrial country
высокоразвитая промышленная страна
to produce smth.
производить что-либо
to export smth.
экспортировать что-либо
machinery
станки
electronics
электроника
textile
текстиль
the chief industry
ведущая отрасль промышленности
shipbuilding
судостроение
- a constitutional monarchy
конституционная монархия
Head of State
глава государства
the Queen
королева

Answer the questions:

  1. What islands is the United Kingdom situated on?
  2. What is the country’s population?
  3. What is the United Kingdom made up of?
  4. What is the United Kingdom washed by?
  5. How can you characterize the surface of the British Isles?
  6. What is the climate of Great Britain?
  7. What are Britain’s chief industries?
  8. What is Britain’s political system?

Translate into English:

  1. Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах, состоящих из двух больших и тысяч малых островов.
  2. Население Великобритании в основном (mostly) городское и составляет более 57 миллионов человек.
  3. Соединенное Королевство состоит из четырех частей; в Великобританию входят Англия, Шотландия и Уэльс.
  4. Британские острова омываются Атлантическим океаном, Ирландским морем, Северным морем и проливами Ла-Манш и Па-де-Кале
  5. Британские острова состоят из гористой части и низин.
  6. Реки в Великобритании не очень длинные.
  7. На климат Великобритании оказывает влияние Гольфстрим.
  8. Великобритания производит и экспортирует станки, электронику, текстиль, суда.
  9. Великобритания - конституционная монархия.