Имена собственные и определенный артикль the 1

Урок 77
A

Мы не используем определенный артикль the с именами людей (‘Helen’, ‘Helen Taylor’ и др.). Точно так же мы обычно не используем the перед названиями мест. Например:

continents
Africa (not the Africa), Europe, South America
countries, states etc.
France (not the France), Japan, Switzerland, Texas
islands
Sicily, Bermuda, Tasmania
cities, towns etc.
Cairo, New York, Bangkok
mountains
Everest, Etna, Kilimanjaro

Но мы используем the, когда в названиях есть Republic, Kingdom, States и др. :

the Czech Republic
the Dominican Republic
the United Kingdom (the UK)
the United States of America (the USA)

Сравните:

  • Have you been to Canada or the United States?
    Ты когда-нибудь был в Канаде или Соединенных Штатах?
B

Когда мы используем Mr/Mrs/Captain/Doctor и др. + имя (фамилия), мы не используем the. Т.е. мы говорим:

Mr Johnson / Doctor Johnson / Captain Johnson / President Johnson etc. (not the ...)
Uncle Robert / Saint Catherine / Princess Maria etc. (not the ...)

Сравните:

  • We called the doctor.
    We called Doctor Johnson. (not the Doctor Johnson)

Мы используем mount (= mountain, гора) и lake (озеро) таким же образом (без the):

Mount Everest (not the ...) Mount Etna Lake Superior Lake Constance

  • They live near the lake.
    They live near Lake Constance. (not the Lake Constance)
C

Мы используем the с названиями океанов, морей, рек и каналов:

the Atlantic (Ocean)
the Indian Ocean
the Mediterranean (Sea)
the Red Sea
the Channel (между Францией и Британией)
the Amazon
the Nile
the Suez Canal

Мы используем the с названиями пустынь (desert /'dezət/ ‘пустыня’ – не путайте с ‘десертом’ dessert /dɪ'zɜːt/):

the Sahara (Desert)

the Gobi Desert

D

Мы используем the с множественным числом фамилий людей и названий мест:

people
the Taylors (= the Taylor family), the Johnsons
countries
the Netherlands, the Philippines, the United States
groups of islands
the Canaries / the Canary Islands, the Bahamas
mountain ranges
the Rocky Mountains / the Rockies, the Andes, the Alps
  • The highest mountain in the Alps is Mont Blanc.
    Самая высокая гора в Альпах – Монблан.
E

Мы говорим:

the north (of Brazil)
но
northern Brazil (без the)
the south-east (of Spain)
но
south-eastern Spain

Сравните:

  • Sweden is in northern Europe; Spain is in the south.
    Швеция находится в северной Европе; Испания – на юге.

Также the Middle East, the Far East.

Мы также используем north/south и др. (без the) в названиях некоторых регионов и стран:

North America  South Africa

Обратите внимание, что на картах the обычно не включено в название.

Упражнения

1. Выберите the, если необходимо. Оставьте поле пустым, если предложение уже закончено.

  1. Who is Doctor Johnson? (предложение закончено и не нуждается в the)
  2. I was ill, so I went to see doctor.
  3. The most powerful person in United States is president.
  4. President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
  5. Do you know Wilsons? They’re a very nice couple.
  6. Do you know Professor Brown’s phone number?

Key

2. Некоторые из этих предложений правильные, а некоторым не хватает the (иногда больше, чем один раз). Исправьте предложения, если необходимо.

1.
Everest was first climbed in 1953.
2.
Milan is in north of Italy.
3.
Africa is much larger than Europe.
4.
Last year I visited Mexico and United States.
5.
South of England is warmer than north.
6.
Portugal is in western Europe.
7.
France and Britain are separated by Channel.
8.
Jim has travelled a lot in Middle East.
Key
9.
Chicago is on Lake Michigan.
10.
Next year we’re going skiing in Swiss Alps.
11.
UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
12.
Seychelles are a group of islands in Indian Ocean.
13.
Africa’s highest mountain is Kilimanjaro (5895 metres)
14.
River Volga flows into Caspian Sea.

Key

3. Вот несколько географических вопросов. Выберите правильный ответ из пяти ячеек ниже и напишите the, если необходимо. Вам не нужны все названия в ячейках. Используйте карту, если необходимо.

continents
Africa
Asia
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
countries
Canada
Denmark
Indonesia
Sweden
Thailand
United States
oceans and seas
Atlantic
Indian Ocean
Pacific
Black Sea
Mediterranean
Red Sea
mountains
Alps
Andes
Himalayas
Rockies
Urals
rivers and canals
Amazon
Rhine
Danube
Thames
Nile
Volga
Suez Canal
Panama Canal
  1. What do you have to cross to travel from Europe to America?
  2. Where is Argentina?
  3. Which is the longest river in Africa?
  4. Of which country is Stockholm the capital?
  5. Of which country is Washington the capital?
  6. What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America?
  7. What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe?
  8. Which is the smallest continent in the world?
    9. Key
  9. What is the name of the ocean between North America and Asia?
  10. What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia?
  11. Which river flows through London?
  12. Which river flows through Vienna, Budapest and Belgrade?
  13. Of which country is Bangkok the capital?
  14. What joins the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
  15. Which is the longest river in South America?

Key